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Furnace Oil

• The fuel supplies the chemical elements – carbon, hydrogen and sulfur that combined with oxygen (air) to produce heat. The oxygen (air) must be in contact for the fuel to have combustion.
• The more surface the fuel has, the easier it is for the oxygen to contact the fuel. Increasing a fuel’s surface makes it easier to mix the fuel & air. Several methods used to increases the surfaces of the fuels to make it easier for the fuel to mix with air.
• Oil is sprayed through a nozzle under pressure to produce a fine mist with large surface area. Heavy oils are heated so, they can be sprayed at lower viscosity under pressure through a nozzle to make a fine mist. Natural gas is mixed with air in a burner because it is already a gas nothing needs to be done to increase its surface area. The gas must be evenly mixed with air.

Mechanism of Atomization Process( Fo /Ldo)

• A typical burner atomizer produces a spray of fuel oil droplets around 100 microns to 200 microns in diameter, depending on fuel quality and atomizer design. Typically, the larger fuel droplets do not completely burn, leaving unburned carbon to collect on heat transfer surfaces and escape as particulate matter in the exhaust gases. This reduces overall thermal efficiency..

Benefits of Secondary Atomization

• In the combustion of a water-in-oil emulsion, the primary spray fuel droplets are further divided as a result of the explosive vaporization caused by rapid heating of the water dispersed within the individual fuel droplets. The internal water droplets undergo spontaneous nucleation of steam bubbles at a temperature well above 100OC, causing a violent conversion of the water droplet to steam. The vaporization, in turn, produces a rapid expansion of the surrounding oil droplets, fragmenting the oil into a vast number of smaller fuel droplets. This process is secondary atomization. The pictures show that droplets of emulsified fuel, 200 microns in size, fragmented into a multitude of 1 to 10 micron-sized fuel droplets.
• In order for secondary atomization to be most effective in a combustion process, very small droplets with a well-controlled size distribution are necessary. If the number of water droplets is too small (1 micron or less), insufficient energy will be produced to cause secondary atomization. On the other hand, larger droplets (10 microns or larger) reduce the number of droplets for explosion and tend to produce less violent explosions within the oil droplets because of nucleation taking place at lower temperatures. Our’s emulsion fuel was developed to meet these important requirements. The product is recognized for its ability to produce properly sized and uniformly distributed water-in-oil droplets with unusual stability.